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Refer to figure.
Which of the following weather phenomena do the clouds over Scandinavia indicate?
  • A
    The arctic jet stream.
  • B
    The sub-tropical jet stream.
  • C
    A cold front.
  • D
    A warm front.

Refer to figure. 
Learning Objective 050.10.01.03.05: Interpret qualitatively the satellite pictures in order to get useful information for flights: location of fronts.

This is a very difficult question, as the satellite image is not very easy to read, and the region of Scandinavia is huge, and contains many different presentations of clouds on this image. Please send any exam feedback you have to us via the comments or by email to [email protected], thank you.


To start with, jet streams do not cause cloud. They can sometimes be associated with cirrus clouds due to the warm and cold fronts that jet streams follow, and often the location of a jet stream coincides with the location of cirrus clouds as part of those fronts. It is not a common enough effect to be able to spot jet streams on a satellite image, though. Also, the sub-tropical and arctic jet stream are usually not over the majority of Scandinavia. The arctic jet stream is a little further North when it forms, and the sub-tropical jet stream much further South.

So then it is down to warm front vs cold front.

Warm fronts are easier to spot because they contain quite dense clouds (particularly towards the lower levels of the front) and are usually quite uniform in shape. The clouds seen in this image are less thick, and quite patchy/isolated in sections, leading us to believe that a cold front is present, particularly running up the Eastern side of Sweden. It could actually be travelling either way, but due to normal air currents we have drawn the cold front line going from West to East.

We are not too sure what is being indicated through Finland and across the border into Russia, as the satellite image is not enough alone to work out what has caused this cloud formation. We do not believe it is a warm front, as the clouds do not appear to be thick enough (if the satellite is a visible light image, which we believe it to be)

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