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The Harmattan is:
  • A
    A northeasterly wind flowing out from a high pressure over Sahara which brings a lot of haze to cities in northwest Africa
  • B
    A warm southerly dust-bearing wind affecting the coast of North Africa.
  • C
    A localised depression giving squally winds.
  • D
    A SW monsoonal wind causing extensive areas of advection fog along the West African coast south of 15°N.

Refer to figure.

The harmattan is a northeasterly trade wind strengthened by a low-pressure centre over the north coast of the Gulf of Guinea and a high-pressure centre located over northwestern Africa. The Harmattan is a cool wind which blows mostly during winter.

  • It usually carries large amounts of dust, which it can transport hundreds of miles out over the Atlantic Ocean; the dust often interferes with local aircraft operations - may reduce visibility to below 1000 m (especially in areas bordering desert regions). The dust layer may extend to 7000 or 10000 ft or more, and visibility improves towards the coast.

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