Which of the following statements are correct regarding smoking?
1. Nicotine increases the risk of lung cancer.
2. Smoking increases the physiological altitude by about 1 000 to 3 000 ft compared to non-smokers.
3. Abstinence from tobacco can cause irritability and limited ability to concentrate in regular smokers.
4. Smokers have an increased risk to suffer from myocardial infarction and stroke.
5. Cancer of the urinary tract is more often found with smokers.
"1. Nicotine increases the risk of lung cancer." Incorrect.
- Nicotine is the addictive chemical in cigarettes but it is the tar that is responsible for the biggest health risks, including many types of cancer.
- Smoking cigarettes reduces the capability of the blood to carry oxygen because haemoglobin has a greater affinity for carbon monoxide than it has for oxygen => which results in an increase in physiological altitude. However, it is not possible to say by how much.
- The withdrawal from cigarette smoking can be acutely unpleasant, to be sure. In a report on the withdrawal experiences of self-quitters, many unpleasant feelings and symptoms - such as irritability, concentration issues, cravings, and weight gain increased when the person quit were reported.
- Smokers not only have increased risk of lung disease, including lung cancer and emphysema, but also have increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and oral cancer.
- A study by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) found that 50% of all cases of bladder cancer are found in smokers. Former smokers are twice as likely to develop the disease as those who never smoked; current smokers are four times more likely.
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